COMMENT

COMMENT
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COMMENT — 定义或者更改一个对象的注释

大纲

COMMENT ON
{
  ACCESS METHOD object_name |
  AGGREGATE aggregate_name ( aggregate_signature ) |
  CAST (source_type AS target_type) |
  COLLATION object_name |
  COLUMN relation_name.column_name |
  CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON table_name |
  CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON DOMAIN domain_name |
  CONVERSION object_name |
  DATABASE object_name |
  DOMAIN object_name |
  EXTENSION object_name |
  EVENT TRIGGER object_name |
  FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER object_name |
  FOREIGN TABLE object_name |
  FUNCTION function_name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) |
  INDEX object_name |
  LARGE OBJECT large_object_oid |
  MATERIALIZED VIEW object_name |
  OPERATOR operator_name (left_type, right_type) |
  OPERATOR CLASS object_name USING index_method |
  OPERATOR FAMILY object_name USING index_method |
  POLICY policy_name ON table_name |
  [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE object_name |
  ROLE object_name |
  RULE rule_name ON table_name |
  SCHEMA object_name |
  SEQUENCE object_name |
  SERVER object_name |
  TABLE object_name |
  TABLESPACE object_name |
  TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION object_name |
  TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY object_name |
  TEXT SEARCH PARSER object_name |
  TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE object_name |
  TRANSFORM FOR type_name LANGUAGE lang_name |
  TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name |
  TYPE object_name |
  VIEW object_name
} IS 'text'
  ACCESS METHOD object_name |
  AGGREGATE aggregate_name ( aggregate_signature ) |
  CAST (source_type AS target_type) |
  COLLATION object_name |
  COLUMN relation_name.column_name |
  CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON table_name |
  CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON DOMAIN domain_name |
  CONVERSION object_name |
  DATABASE object_name |
  DOMAIN object_name |
  EXTENSION object_name |
  EVENT TRIGGER object_name |
  FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER object_name |
  FOREIGN TABLE object_name |
  FUNCTION function_name [ ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) ] |
  INDEX object_name |
  LARGE OBJECT large_object_oid |
  MATERIALIZED VIEW object_name |
  OPERATOR operator_name (left_type, right_type) |
  OPERATOR CLASS object_name USING index_method |
  OPERATOR FAMILY object_name USING index_method |
  POLICY policy_name ON table_name |
  [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE object_name |
  PUBLICATION object_name |
  ROLE object_name |
  RULE rule_name ON table_name |
  SCHEMA object_name |
  SEQUENCE object_name |
  SERVER object_name |
  STATISTICS object_name |
  SUBSCRIPTION object_name |
  TABLE object_name |
  TABLESPACE object_name |
  TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION object_name |
  TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY object_name |
  TEXT SEARCH PARSER object_name |
  TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE object_name |
  TRANSFORM FOR type_name LANGUAGE lang_name |
  TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name |
  TYPE object_name |
  VIEW object_name
} IS 'text'

其中 aggregate_signature 是：

* |
[ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [ , ... ] |
[ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [ , ... ] ] ORDER BY [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [ , ... ]

描述

COMMENT存储关于一个数据库对象的注释。

对每一个对象只保存一个注释字符串，因此为了修改一段注释，对同一个对象发出一个新的COMMENT命令。要移除一段注释，可在文本字符串的位置上写上NULL。当对象被删除时，其注释也会被自动删除。

对大部分类型的对象，只有对象的拥有者可以设置注释。角色没有拥有者，因此 COMMENT ON ROLE的规则是你必须作为一个超级用户来对一个超级用户角色设置注释，或者具有CREATEROLE特权来对非超级用户角色设置注释。同样的，访问方法也没有拥有者，你必须作为一个超级用户来对一个访问方法设置注释。当然，一个超级用户可以对任何东西设置注释。

使用psql的\d 命令家族可以查看注释。其他检索注释的用户接口可以构建在 psql使用的内建函数之上，即 obj_description、col_description 以及shobj_description （见表 9.68）。

参数

object_name relation_name.column_name aggregate_name constraint_name function_name operator_name policy_name rule_name trigger_name: 要被注释的对象的名称。表、聚集、排序方式、转换、域、外部表、函数、索引、操作符、操作符类、操作符族、序列、统计信息、文本搜索对象、类型和视图的名称可以被模式限定。在注释一列时， relation_name必须引用一个表、视图、组合类型或者外部表。
table_name domain_name: 当在一个约束、触发器、规则或者策略上创建一段注释时，这些参数指定在其上定义该对象的表或域的名称。
source_type: 造型的源数据类型的名称。
target_type: 造型的目标数据类型的名称。
argmode: 一个函数或者聚集的参数的模式：IN、 OUT、INOUT或者VARIADIC。如果被省略，默认值是IN。注意 COMMENT并不真正关心 OUT参数，因为决定函数的身份只需要输入参数。因此列出IN、INOUT和VARIADIC 参数就足够了。
argname: 一个函数或者聚集参数的名称。注意 COMMENT并不真正关心参数名称，因为决定函数的身份只需要参数数据类型。
argtype: 一个函数或者聚集参数的数据类型。
large_object_oid: 大对象的 OID。
left_type right_type: 操作符的参数的数据类型（可以是模式限定的）。对一个前缀后后缀操作符的缺失参数可以写NONE。
PROCEDURAL: 这是一个噪声词。
type_name: 该转换的数据类型的名称。
lang_name: 该转换的语言的名称。
text: 写成一个字符串的新注释。如果要删除注释，写成NULL。

注解

当前对查看注释没有安全机制：任何连接到一个数据库的用户能够看到该数据库中所有对象的注释。对于数据库、角色、表空间这类共享对象，注释被全局存储，因此连接到集簇中任何数据库的任何用户可以看到共享对象的所有注释。因此，不要在注释中放置有安全性风险的信息。

示例

为表mytable附加一段注释：

COMMENT ON TABLE mytable IS 'This is my table.';

移除它：

COMMENT ON TABLE mytable IS NULL;

更多的一些例子：

COMMENT ON ACCESS METHOD rtree IS 'R-Tree access method';
COMMENT ON AGGREGATE my_aggregate (double precision) IS 'Computes sample variance';
COMMENT ON CAST (text AS int4) IS 'Allow casts from text to int4';
COMMENT ON COLLATION "fr_CA" IS 'Canadian French';
COMMENT ON COLUMN my_table.my_column IS 'Employee ID number';
COMMENT ON CONVERSION my_conv IS 'Conversion to UTF8';
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT bar_col_cons ON bar IS 'Constrains column col';
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT dom_col_constr ON DOMAIN dom IS 'Constrains col of domain';
COMMENT ON DATABASE my_database IS 'Development Database';
COMMENT ON DOMAIN my_domain IS 'Email Address Domain';
COMMENT ON EXTENSION hstore IS 'implements the hstore data type';
COMMENT ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER mywrapper IS 'my foreign data wrapper';
COMMENT ON FOREIGN TABLE my_foreign_table IS 'Employee Information in other database';
COMMENT ON FUNCTION my_function (timestamp) IS 'Returns Roman Numeral';
COMMENT ON INDEX my_index IS 'Enforces uniqueness on employee ID';
COMMENT ON LANGUAGE plpython IS 'Python support for stored procedures';
COMMENT ON LARGE OBJECT 346344 IS 'Planning document';
COMMENT ON MATERIALIZED VIEW my_matview IS 'Summary of order history';
COMMENT ON OPERATOR ^ (text, text) IS 'Performs intersection of two texts';
COMMENT ON OPERATOR - (NONE, integer) IS 'Unary minus';
COMMENT ON OPERATOR CLASS int4ops USING btree IS '4 byte integer operators for btrees';
COMMENT ON OPERATOR FAMILY integer_ops USING btree IS 'all integer operators for btrees';
COMMENT ON POLICY my_policy ON mytable IS 'Filter rows by users';
COMMENT ON ROLE my_role IS 'Administration group for finance tables';
COMMENT ON RULE my_rule ON my_table IS 'Logs updates of employee records';
COMMENT ON SCHEMA my_schema IS 'Departmental data';
COMMENT ON SEQUENCE my_sequence IS 'Used to generate primary keys';
COMMENT ON SERVER myserver IS 'my foreign server';
COMMENT ON STATISTICS my_statistics IS 'Improves planner row estimations';
COMMENT ON TABLE my_schema.my_table IS 'Employee Information';
COMMENT ON TABLESPACE my_tablespace IS 'Tablespace for indexes';
COMMENT ON TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION my_config IS 'Special word filtering';
COMMENT ON TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY swedish IS 'Snowball stemmer for Swedish language';
COMMENT ON TEXT SEARCH PARSER my_parser IS 'Splits text into words';
COMMENT ON TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE snowball IS 'Snowball stemmer';
COMMENT ON TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plpythonu IS 'Transform between hstore and Python dict';
COMMENT ON TRIGGER my_trigger ON my_table IS 'Used for RI';
COMMENT ON TYPE complex IS 'Complex number data type';
COMMENT ON VIEW my_view IS 'View of departmental costs';

兼容性

SQL 标准中没有COMMENT命令。